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Onychomycosis or nail fungus in an advanced stage.Signs, types, treatment methods

According to medical statistics, onychomycosis or mushroom damage is a rather common nail disease that often turns into a progressive form.

Nail fungus - what is it?

Onychomycosis is the mushroom damage of the nail plate caused by different types of microorganisms, mainly Dermatophytic mushrooms.Such pathogens can live and multiply for them in a cheap environment. The disease is contagiousFor this reason, both dermatologists and specialists in infectious diseases are addressed for the treatment.

Most of the time, an infection occurs in public baths, saunas and pools.The development of mushroom lesions can also be caused by injuries to the nail plate, secondary immune deficiency state and the disorders in antibiotics.

   The following symptoms occur in the early stages of the development of the disease:

  • Hardly noticeable places and strips on the nail plate (1 degree of damage);
  • Peeling the skin and cracks on the fingers and in interdigital zones;
  • The shine of the nail is lost;
  • The color of the nail plate changes;
  • The surface of the nail is deformed.

Usually people do not pay attention to these signs. In the absence of treatment, the development of the mushroom lesion occurs in the advanced stageif microorganisms are inserted into the nail plate and their vital activity already leads underneath.In this phase It is difficult to get rid of the diseaseSince the nail becomes a kind of "protection" of mushrooms from the effects of local medication.

Causes of the advanced stage of onychomycosis

The main reasons for the transition to the neglected form of the nail fungus are:

  • non -effective medication -frequently the use of different antifungal paints and poorly looking creams in the treatment of mushroom nail damage;
  • Treatment began early;
  • Self -medicine.

The mushroom damage of the nail plates are not as safe as it sometimes seems. The active development of microorganisms can bring your penetration into the bloodstream and the tissue of the inner organsWhat affects the work of immunity.The risk of infection increases with viral and infectious diseases.

Also Relapse of the disease is possible.This happens if the patient has not been fully treated, the doctor's recommendations have not fully followed, with the microorganisms being developed for medication and ignoring patients with preventive measures.

What is the risk of a neglected form of nail fungus?

The development of nail fungus to a neglected form leads to follow such as:

  • Reduction of immunity;
  • Increasing the risk of virus and infectious diseases;
  • the penetration of mushrooms into the blood and the inner organs;
  • Varieties of dermatitis, eczema;
  • Tightening chronic diseases;
  • the risk of the transition of the mushroom to the skin;
  • The development of allergic reactions to toxins is the appearance of asthma, rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

From the side Neurological disorders There are violations of the emotional background: The occurrence of depression, neurosis, frequent irritability.

When recognizing nail fungi It is important to carry out proper treatment This pathology, compliance with daily hygiene and prevention for all family members, since the disease is very contagious.

Hygienic methods for fungal lesions include the use of Nail baths when added by soda, vinegar, sea salt, potassium perpetrator, herbal coking.It is also important to change socks often, to wipe the legs and surface between the fingers after washing.

Types of mushrooms

The most common pathogens of onychomycosis are Dermatophytic mushrooms - About 86% of all cases.The disease can cause much less often Hefe- and mold mushrooms.The lesion of the nail plate can be observed, the source of which is immediately 2 or 3 types of pathogens.

The most common onhomitosis is caused by such varieties of microorganisms:

  • Dermatophytes;
  • Shape;
  • Yeast mushrooms.

Penetration in the nail most often occurs through his side part, damaged skin and nail plate.These microorganisms are unable to face the body With reduced immunity. Dermatophytes cause a change in the nail structure by the formation of cavities and channels.

Nail damage can be caused and ShapeBut quite rare.When diagnosing the disease in this case It is difficult to determine the pathogen, because characteristic symptoms are usually not available.In this situation can only help Bacteriological analysis. Treatment of onychomycosiscaused by mold, differs from the treatment of nail damage from other microorganisms.

Under the yeast, onychomycosis most often causes mushrooms Candida.Within the standard you are on the skin and mucous membranes of every person. Provocative factor For the development of damage to the nail, yeast mushrooms are also Weakening of immunity.Destruction of the nail as a result of the activity of such microorganisms comes from its base next to the cuticle.

Signs of mushroom in advanced form

The following characteristics are characterized by the advanced form of the disease:

  1. Deformation of the nail plates with their thickening or thinning.The growth of the stratuminal layer prevents the effect of a medication fungus.
  2. Relaxation, destruction of nail plates.
  3. Change the color of the nail plates that can be different: from gray-yellow to brown and black.This is due to the stratification of the nail, since mushrooms, dirt and dead skin scales penetrate it.
  4. In the area between the fingers, the skin is red with signs of peeling, presence of itching and pain.
  5. More than two nails are affected.
  6. The release of the nail from the nail bed or its complete destruction.

Complications

Change the nail fungus to a neglected form Dangerous the fact that the active development of these microorganisms A large number of poisonous products that you produce.

As a result, serious somatic diseases can develop:

  • Toxikoderma;
  • toxic hepatopathy;
  • Layella syndrome.

Also The disease is dangerous for thisthat in the absence of proper treatment or improper therapy with progression The complete destruction of the nail plate.

Skin lesion With a fungal infection it is too Frequent complication: Red rashes appear on the body, the patient feels burning and itchy, after a while areas that separate transparent fluid shape at the point of the rash.

The most Unwanted complications The spread of the fungal infection is In the internal organsSince the treatment of the disease will be serious and long.

Endangered groups

The following groups of people differ most susceptible to the development of mushroom nail damage by the most susceptible to the development of mushrooms:

  1. Older people and advanced age.

Factors that cause the fungus of such people:

  • skin changes associated with age;
  • increased sweat;
  • The presence of accompanying diseases;
  • Taking medication that weaken the body (antibiotics, corticosteroids);
  • hormonal violations;
  • Stomach -intestine disorders.
  1. Male faces, Especially military, athletes (Due to the long -term wearing of special shoes, changing rooms, an ordinary soul).
  2. People who have Family member suffers from a mushroom loss Legs.
  3. City residents (From Reason for visiting public places, such as pools, baths, saunas, gyms, manicure and pedicure with inadequate disinfection).

Varieties of drugs

The treatment of the mushroom in advanced form should be comprehensive.After examining and carrying out the necessary tests, the doctor prescribes the following types of medicinal products:

  • System action medication - Inner mushroom panels;
  • Local preparations - ointments, varnishes and creams that are applied to the affected areas;
  • Means for the general strengthening of the body and vitamins;
  • If necessary - Remove the nail plate (in particularly serious cases).

Description and methods of using drugs

A serious approach - The key to the successful treatment of the mushroom in advanced form.Patients who use medication regularly prescribed by the doctor without spending their use are the best results. With non -compliance with medical recommendations The mushroom can be bought Resistance to drugs And you have to choose new medication that will be managed Additional difficulties.

General rules for the use of drugs:

  • Lacquer, gels and ointments are only applied to cleaned applications and the dried surface of the nail plate;
  • All medication for external use They are used regularly: Once or twice a day (exact information can be read in the instructions for the drug);
  • Before applying Lacquer or ointment on the nail, It is necessary to save it as far as possible in front of damaged tissue and nearby areas of the nail plate;
  • The use of varnish - 2 times in 7 days;
  • Do not use pregnant women and children Local medications that are prohibited by the instructions are prohibited for tabular drugs for such patients.
  • apply Local drugs on the nails should be regular all year round or longer;
  • Only take tablets as prescribed by a doctor;
  • The frequency of the application Tablets - one or several times a day for approximately 7 days, Then follows Interruption for a period of about 3 weeks (depending on the drug);
  • During the treatment You can't drink alcohol;
  • Sometimes parallel use is required DrugsMaliciously reduce Effects on the liver.

Types of removal of the nail plate

Removing the affected nail plate It is carried out when drug treatment does not bring any results.This procedure is necessary so that there is the possibility to grow a new healthy nail.

The standard method for removing the affected nail plate is Surgical intervention Use of anesthesia to avoid pain.Both the entire nail and just its part of the mushroom can be removed.

If desired Remove the nail without unnecessary symptoms You can choose Hardware pedicure.This method is carried out under sterile conditions of a medical facility.It's in Layout of the affected nail With the help of different nozzles and cutter of the device.The procedure is carried out absolutely painless With preliminary softening of the nail plate with special solutions.After removing the affected areas, ointments and bandage are applied to the treated area, which is attached with a patch.

The nail plate can also be removed Chemical method - is overlaid in the affected place Keratol patch And not within 2-3 days.During this time, the layer of the nail plate is solved.

With a small area with mushroom damage it is possible House removal method.It will be necessary first Nail And if necessary, use special paint to soften your surface.Then Use accessories for pedicure The part of the nail affected is removed. The method is not suitable for completely removing Nail plate.

Remove the nail with a laser

Laser removal - The most frequently used method in treatment Mushroom Nails.TO The advantages of the procedure are his painlessness And the ability to eliminate the focus of the infection at any depth.

The advantages of this method are also:

  • Security and accuracy of the method - The laser only removes affected people without falling on neighboring substances and Disinfects the wound in the area of the nail bed to eliminate the risk of infection;
  • Lack of painSince the method refers to minimally invasive;
  • The short duration of the procedure - Removing a nail takes only a few minutes.
  • High efficiency;
  • The relatively low costs of the procedure are his accessibility.

Contraindications To carry out the laser removal of the nail is the presence Decompensated diabetes mellitus, malignant tumors, inflammatory processes and virus infections In the body.You cannot carry out the procedure and with Pregnancy.

The legs should be steamed the day before the laser removed.After the bathroom with soda and household soap it should be Files and cut the surface of the nail as far as possible.

When carrying out the laser removal of the nail on a place affected by the mushroom, the heat can be felt.Around 10 methods are required for a complete healing of a neglected form.

The disadvantages of removal of the nail

After removing the nail plate, undesirable consequences often occur:

  • The cultivation of a new nail in the nail bed - a kind of "side effect";
  • possible Wound infection after surgical removal (To avoid this, you should change the association in time and use different ointments with antimicrobial effects.)
  • possible Deformation of the new nail plate.

With a nail and an infection of the wound, it is necessary to seek medical help.

Nail fungus during pregnancy

The main factors that onychomycosis causes during pregnancy:

  • Lack of trace elements - potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and others;
  • Weakening of the body's immune powers;
  • increased sweating;
  • Impaired blood circulation in the feet;
  • Diabetes.

For the fetus, the danger lies in the possible manifestation of the disease at birth, as well as its transition to a chronic form.

Features of treatment of mushrooms during pregnancy

The difficulty of treatment Onychomycosis during pregnancy It consists of the ban on most modern drugs. This measure is necessary to avoid the fetus because such medication are poisonous.It is best to get rid of the mushroom after birth.

In the event of a risk of mushroom lesions, special symptomatic treatment is sometimes prescribed for the fetus.Most of the time it consists of folk methods that can easily be carried out at home.

Self -medication during pregnancy is not allowed - Only an experienced doctor should put together a therapy scheme.

Common treatment for the treatment of fungus during pregnancy:

  • Soft of the affected areas by applying oil jelly onto them before they go to bed, the compress remains until morning.
  • In the morning they make a warm bath with the addition of laundry soap and soda;
  • Jump from the affected part of the nail and the keratized skin;
  • Apply local medication that are prescribed by the doctor.

Treatment of nail fungi during pregnancy should not exceed 30 days.

Hydrogen peroxide against the mushroom

Hydrogen peroxide for onychomycosis is used in complex therapy to disinfect the affected area and to destroy microbes. The substance is unable to kill the mushroom.This liquid is good to treat the damaged area additionally.

The advantage of peroxide is that it can be used by pregnant women.

This tool is used as follows:

  • Make a bathroom with hot water and the addition of copper sulfate to steam damaged areas of the nail plates;
  • Wipe the skin dry;
  • Peroxide is dampened with a cotton block and applied to the injured nail and then fastened with a bandage;
  • After 40 minutes, the compress is removed, a soft keratized layer is shielded by the local antifungal medication prescribed by the doctor.

Such procedures are carried out twice a day: in the morning and before going to bed.

Hydrogen peroxide can be used in other ways.You need 2 liters of water and 100 ml hydrogen peroxide.The liquids are mixed and the feet are immersed in the resulting solution for half an hour.Then the legs are wiped dry, the affected areas are cut off, a therapeutic ointment is used.

Nail fungus in children

Onychomycosis in children often occurs due to the weakening of immunity. Another provocative factor is the inadequate skin thickness, which is why the risk of infection increases sharply with a fungus in childhood.

When treating nail fungus Children consume local drugs: Ointments, creams.They are used 1 or 2 times a day.The use of use depends on the degree of damage.The special features of these medication are that they do not penetrate the blood, and They do not harm the child's body.

As a system medication, the doctor can prescribe medication in the form of capsules, tablets and syrups.It is also possible that intramuscular or intravenous injections are the purpose.The treatment can be both outpatient and inpatient.

System preparations have a negative impact on the kidney and the liver of the childTherefore, they are extremely rarely prescribed when local medication are ineffective.

Home remedy

When treating an advanced form, the fungus can be The following popular recipes are effective.Some of them:

  • Home ointment: You need 200 g butter, a raw chicken together with a bowl, 100 g acetic acid (70%).The first two ingredients are mixed, the third is poured without mixing, covered with a lid that is placed in the fridge for 7 days.After the eggshell is solved, the product is mixed thoroughly. Keep refrigerated.
  • The roots of Calamus (15 g) are poured 250 ml of boiling water, the infusion has been aged for half an hour under a thick lid. Drink medicine 60 ml 4 times a day. You can use bathrooms with calamus.Let it fall asleep 30 g of raw materials in 250 ml of boiling water and let it brew for half an hour.In the resulting liquid, keep the nail plates affected by the mushroom for 15 minutes. After 7 procedures, they will crumble. In parallel treatment, ointments against the mushroom are possible for 1.5 months in order to get rid of the disease.
  • Take ashes from 3 cigarettes, mix it from 0.5 teaspoons.Toothpaste with fluorine. Compress With this remedy for the night, the next morning to wash off.
  • Propolis tincture: The joints of the golden mustache system (50 pcs.) Pour 500 ml vodka, I exist 14 days.Take 3 parts of water and 1 part of the tincture of the golden mustache for treatment, mix and apply the affected nails 2 times a day.
  • 15 g Celandine, 30 g lilacflowers, 45 g chopped oak bark are mixed.The dry mix is poured with 500 ml of water, cooked for an hour. Compresses with this infusion are applied to damaged nail plates, Fixed with bandages.The treatment continues until a complete recovery.

All folk treatment methods should only be applied after consulting with a specialist after their approval.

Prevention measures

In order to avoid a RE function with a mushroom, the following recommendations must be followed:

  • Watch the rules of personal hygiene carefully;
  • Perform the daily disinfection of shoes with the help of special UV dryers to destroy the fungus it contains.
  • Do not go barefoot in public places (bathrooms, saunas or pools) after visiting and water procedures.Use antiMyotics and creams.
  • Do not wear the shoes and devices of another.

A comprehensive treatment approach and compliance with the above rules contribute to the rapid healing and prevention of nail fungi.